SQL TUTORIAL

SQL ALIAS

This tutorial shows you how to use SQL alias including column and table aliases to make your queries shorter and more understandable.

sql alias column name


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Vidyavathi Female 30 Madurai
2 Varshini Kutty Male 32 Hyderbhad
3 Hanumanthan Female 32 Nasik
4 Devi Mai Male 25 Kumbakonam


SQL ALTER TABLE

This can be achieved in SQL. To do this, we specify that we want to change the table structure via the ALTER TABLE command.

add column to table sql


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Padmavathi Male 20 Trichy
2 Vidyavathi Female 27 Mumbai
3 Padmavathi Female 22 Chennai
4 Dharan Male 25 Nasik


SQL AND OR

The AND operator can be used to join two or more conditions in the WHERE clause. Both sides of the AND condition must be true in order for the condition to be executed.

sql and command


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 Simply SQL Server 2005/03/14 8:43:4 17 2005/04/28 19:24:54
2 Oracle PL/sql By Example 2008/04/14 11:4:37 12 2008/05/16 16:11:54
3 MySql Query Performance Tuning 2007/01/18 3:16:21 16 2007/01/28 7:42:9
4 PL/SQL the Programming Language of Oracle 1997/08/21 14:56:49 18 1997/08/26 16:19:28


SQL AUTO INCREMENT

A short hint: In most cases auto-increment columns are used as Primary Key columns. In the SQL standard the junction of the two concepts is not mandatory.

alter table auto-increment


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 SQL and Relational Database Design 2006/07/24 4:36:53 10 2006/08/26 6:13:4
2 Mastering Oracle SQL 1996/03/21 23:56:31 19 1996/04/25 5:22:20
3 Mastering Oracle SQL 2002/01/20 8:38:47 7 2002/02/24 23:18:57
4 Teach Yourself SQL in 10 Minutes 2001/05/16 18:59:48 4 2001/06/20 12:51:16


SQL BETWEEN

This SQL tutorial explains how to use the SQL BETWEEN condition with syntax and examples.

between mssql


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 The Complete Guide to Oracle 2005/03/22 18:23:28 1 2005/04/28 7:11:40
2 Practical SQL 2007/05/21 21:1:34 13 2007/06/24 17:58:31
3 Jump Start MySQL 2010/02/24 20:2:53 15 2010/02/26 17:45:28
4 SQL Visual Quickstart 2007/10/12 15:35:22 4 2007/11/27 13:7:22


SQL CHECK

SQL CREATE TABLE with constraint to exclude NULL value; SQL CREATE TABLE to check unique value; SQL CREATE TABLE to check.

sql server constraint check


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Nirmala Female 33 Chennai
2 Padmavathi Female 22 Ramnad
3 Bala Murugan Female 23 Hyderbhad
4 Harish Karthik Female 23 Aruppukoottai


SQL CREATE TABLE

This SQL Server tutorial explains how to use the CREATE TABLE statement in SQL Server (Transact-SQL) with syntax and examples.

create table in sql server


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 The Complete Guide to SQL Server 2006/03/15 5:3:51 4 2006/04/25 18:57:26
2 Oracle All-in-One For Dummies 2005/06/11 8:56:30 15 2005/07/19 19:45:8
3 Learing Sql Server T-Sql 1996/03/14 15:48:25 15 1996/03/23 3:48:48
4 SQL in Easy Steps 1999/02/19 15:15:54 9 1999/03/22 10:53:16


SQL DEFAULT

The DEFAULT value clause in a data type specification indicates a default value ... MySQL handles the column according to the SQL mode in effect at the time:.

sql column default value


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 MySQL Cookbook 2011/05/17 21:34:14 11 2011/06/28 2:6:38
2 Red Gate Guide to SQL Server 2006/01/18 19:24:11 9 2006/02/26 3:42:25
3 Securing Oracle 2003/06/21 2:4:37 16 2003/06/26 18:5:40
4 Access 2010 Pure Sql 2007/10/26 8:13:21 17 2007/11/28 5:6:11


SQL DELETE

The SQL DELETE Query is used to delete the existing records from a table. You can use WHERE clause with DELETE query to delete selected rows, otherwise all rows will be deleted.

sql delete statement


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Nirmala Male 29 Aruppukoottai
2 Harish Karthik Male 27 Paramakudi
3 Pandurengan Female 21 Chennai
4 Vidyavathi Male 33 Paramakudi


SQL DISTINCT

SQL SELECT DISTINCT with COUNT on ROWS or on one columns. ... SQL Keywords ... SELECT DISTINCT eliminates duplicate records from the results.

access select distinct


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 Troubleshooting SQL Server 1995/05/18 18:52:2 16 1995/06/26 2:40:10
2 Pro SQL Azure 2004/03/15 16:17:4 12 2004/04/17 7:18:37
3 Oracle Interview Questions 2005/09/22 15:42:46 6 2005/10/26 5:21:15
4 Pro Full-text Search In SQL Server 2000/09/18 12:26:26 7 2000/10/27 16:58:25


SQL FOREIGN KEY

This tutorial introduces you to MySQL foreign key and shows you step by step how to create.

primary key and foreign key


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Hanumanthan Female 31 Kumbakonam
2 Devi Mai Female 30 Pune
3 Hanumanthan Female 22 Hyderbhad
4 Dharan Male 31 Mumbai


SQL FULL JOIN

SQL Full Join (Full Outer Join) always contains all records of left table (Table A) and right table (Table B) even of join condition does not find any matching records.

full outer join syntax


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 Oracle Query Performance Tuning 1996/05/26 5:32:25 19 1996/06/28 13:27:54
2 From Access To SQL Server 2003/05/22 3:14:59 14 2003/06/25 8:5:14
3 The Complete Guide to SQL Server 1995/09/24 9:23:14 15 1995/10/27 23:15:41
4 A Visual Introduction To Sql 2001/07/14 8:10:58 14 2001/07/25 19:29:52


SQL GROUP BY

The GROUP BY clause will gather all of the rows together that contain data in the specified column(s) and will allow aggregate functions to be performed on the grouped data.

mssql group by


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 The Complete Guide to Oracle 2001/07/11 20:40:33 8 2001/08/21 13:12:42
2 Natural language Query To SQL 2011/10/24 4:46:30 19 2011/10/27 2:11:40
3 Easy Oracle PL/SQL Programming 2010/04/13 4:55:49 8 2010/05/20 9:43:6
4 Access 2010 Pure Sql 2005/10/11 3:53:28 9 2005/10/22 11:53:4


SQL HAVING

The SQL HAVING clause is used in combination with the GROUP BY clause to restrict the groups of returned rows to only those whose the condition is TRUE.

sql where having


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Vinoth Kumar Male 34 Aruppukoottai
2 Varshini Kutty Female 23 Madurai
3 Padmavathi Female 28 Bangalore
4 Padmavathi Female 33 Trichy


SQL IN

In SQL, there are two uses of the IN keyword, and this tutorial explain the one that is related to sql or operator.

sql in statement


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 Oracle Plsql Programming Fundamentals 2006/04/23 12:45:56 3 2006/05/26 8:35:33
2 Advanced SQL Functions in Oracle 10g 2003/02/24 8:13:11 17 2003/02/28 19:44:10
3 SQL and PL/SQL for Oracle 10g Black Book 2004/03/11 6:1:23 1 2004/03/18 22:28:6
4 Natural language Query To SQL 1998/01/14 23:36:49 12 1998/02/16 9:4:59


SQL INNER JOIN

how to use MySQL INNER JOIN clause to select data ... The MySQL INNER JOIN clause matches rows in one table with rows in other tables.

sql server inner join


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Varshini Kutty Female 33 Nasik
2 Nirmala Female 27 Nasik
3 Vinoth Kumar Female 22 Trichy
4 Ranjani Mai Male 32 Delhi


SQL INSERT INTO

SQL has the INSERT command that is used to store data into a table. The INSERT command creates a new row in the table.

insert into multiple rows


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 Advanced SQL Functions in Oracle 10g 2007/04/15 22:25:21 5 2007/05/18 19:22:19
2 Expert SQL Server 2005 Development 2002/03/15 18:10:8 19 2002/03/18 20:31:46
3 SQL Server Database Internals 2008/04/17 1:47:55 1 2008/04/25 8:32:26
4 Professional Oracle 2007/04/21 23:15:22 17 2007/04/25 6:50:53


SQL INSERT INTO SELECT

A common task when using Transact-SQL (T-SQL) is to copy information from one table into another, possibly changing the data or its structure.

insert into select t sql


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 Sql Server Cookbook 2006/09/14 13:12:54 15 2006/10/26 20:20:55
2 SQL Server Data Transformation Services 1995/05/15 16:14:10 14 1995/05/27 9:8:57
3 Head First SQL 1999/06/20 13:11:1 9 1999/07/25 1:59:57
4 Transact SQL Cookbook 1996/08/17 20:51:55 17 1996/08/19 6:6:58


SQL LEFT JOIN

The LEFT JOIN keyword returns all rows from the left table (table1), with the matching rows in the right table (table2).

left join where


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Azaghu Varshith Male 28 Aruppukoottai
2 Ramanathan Female 29 Emaneshwaram
3 Dharan Female 30 Chennai
4 Siva Kumar Female 30 Kumbakonam


SQL LIKE

The SQL LIKE operator is only applies on a field of types CHAR or VARCHAR to match a pattern using SQL wildcards.

like in sql server


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 MySQL Cookbook 2007/09/22 23:51:19 18 2007/10/27 8:7:40
2 Programming With MySQL 2011/07/22 2:10:7 15 2011/07/24 11:55:34
3 Building A Data Warehouse In SQL Server 2002/07/26 8:57:33 9 2002/08/28 10:3:17
4 Oracle PL/sql By Example 2005/01/24 20:30:28 4 2005/01/27 3:53:52


SQL NOT NULL

This tutorial introduces you to SQL NOT NULL constraint and shows you how to add the NOT NULL constraints to existing columns.

sql server is not null


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 PowerShell for SQL Server Essentials 2009/03/12 19:53:1 15 2009/04/22 5:19:36
2 Troubleshooting Oracle 1998/03/13 4:53:56 5 1998/03/17 20:12:48
3 Simply SQL Server 2008/02/17 10:30:20 15 2008/02/21 5:25:17
4 Access 2010 Pure Sql 2010/01/26 18:22:9 5 2010/02/28 14:28:21


SQL ORDER BY

The ORDER BY keyword sorts the records in ascending order by default. To sort the records in a descending order, you can use the DESC keyword.

sql order by number


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Vidyavathi Male 27 Emaneshwaram
2 Varshini Kutty Female 30 Nasik
3 Padmavathi Female 30 Paramakudi
4 Hanumanthan Female 28 Pune


SQL PRIMARY KEY

A primary key is a field in a table which uniquely identifies each row/record in a database table. ... A primary key column cannot have NULL values.

create table with primary key


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 Teach Yourself SQL 2010/03/20 6:33:24 18 2010/04/24 17:6:22
2 Foundations Of Sql Server 2008 1997/04/20 14:49:53 6 1997/04/24 21:59:25
3 Oracle Interview Questions 2011/03/24 4:17:52 15 2011/04/27 14:29:37
4 Oracle Plsql Programming Fundamentals 2003/04/17 18:1:41 10 2003/04/28 10:16:15


SQL RIGHT JOIN

SQL Right Join (Right Outer Join) always contains all records of right table even of join condition does not find any matching record in left table.

sql left right


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 A Visual Introduction To Sql 2008/09/23 21:10:7 4 2008/10/26 8:40:12
2 Access 2010 Pure Sql 2009/09/19 22:3:59 18 2009/09/24 14:30:46
3 SQL Server Query Performance Tuning 2009/09/23 21:31:38 8 2009/09/26 5:9:57
4 The Complete Guide to Oracle 2007/05/22 20:48:32 14 2007/05/24 20:28:40


SQL SELECT

The result of a SELECT is zero or more rows of data where each row has a fixed number of columns. A SELECT statement does not make any changes to the database.

select in select sql server


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Varshini Kutty Female 28 Pune
2 Vidyavathi Female 32 Bangalore
3 Keshavan Female 20 Mysore
4 Pandurengan Male 27 Bangalore


SQL TOP

Limits the rows returned in a query result set to a specified number of rows or percentage of rows in SQL Server 2016. When TOP is used in conjunction with the other table.

sql server top 1


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Devi Mai Male 33 Delhi
2 Chandra Female 27 Ramnad
3 Pandurengan Female 25 Delhi
4 Vidyavathi Female 26 Hyderbhad


SQL UNION

UNION is used to combine the result from multiple SELECT statements into a single result set.

access sql union


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 The Database Language SQL 1995/02/17 4:2:5 9 1995/03/27 3:2:39
2 Programming with T-SQL for Beginners 2011/03/19 1:34:43 11 2011/03/24 20:40:28
3 Oracle Query Performance Tuning 1995/01/24 13:59:18 9 1995/02/26 11:22:29
4 SQL: The Complete Reference 2006/01/22 14:8:28 17 2006/02/24 18:53:42


SQL UNIQUE

It is possible to put UNIQUE constraints on nullable columns but the SQL standard states that the constraint does not support duplicate values.

add unique constraint oracle


ID BookName OrderDate Qty DeliveryDate
1 SQL Server Fundamentals 1998/05/23 23:5:46 6 1998/06/27 23:14:34
2 Getting Started With SQL 1998/09/11 3:17:33 1 1998/09/23 6:56:43
3 Securing SQL Server 2001/05/15 14:32:5 16 2001/05/25 6:45:29
4 Oracle PL/sql By Example 2011/02/23 12:58:9 18 2011/02/26 6:28:10


SQL UPDATE

For the multiple-table syntax, UPDATE updates rows in each table named in table-references that satisfy the conditions. Each matching row is updated once, even if it matches the conditions multiple times. For multiple-table syntax, ORDER BY and LIMIT cannot be used.

update command in sql


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Nirmala Male 31 Trichy
2 Bala Murugan Male 26 Kumbakonam
3 Ranjani Mai Female 28 Hyderbhad
4 Keshavan Female 24 Chennai


SQL WHERE

The SQL WHERE clause is used to specify a condition while fetching the data from single table or joining with multiple tables. If the given condition is satisfied then only it returns specific value from the table.

sql where not


ID EmpName Gender Age City
1 Rishi Keshan Male 25 Ramnad
2 Padmavathi Female 20 Pune
3 Chandra Male 32 Hyderbhad
4 Padmavathi Male 24 Chennai